What Are Ovarian Cysts?
Ovarian cysts are common in women of all ages, especially during the reproductive years. The most common types of cysts include:
- Functional Cysts: These cysts form during the menstrual cycle and usually resolve on their own. They include:
- Follicular cysts – When the egg does not release from the follicle during ovulation.
- Corpus luteum cysts – When the follicle reseals after releasing an egg and fills with fluid.
- Dermoid Cysts: These are benign growths that may contain hair, fat, or other tissues.
- Endometriomas: These result from endometriosis, a condition where uterine tissue grows outside the uterus.
- Cystadenomas: Fluid-filled cysts that develop on the ovary's surface, which can become large but are usually benign.
What’s Normal?
Most ovarian cysts do not cause symptoms and disappear on their own within a few weeks or months. Many women have cysts without even knowing it, as they are often found incidentally during routine pelvic exams or ultrasounds. If a cyst is small and does not cause pain or other symptoms, it is generally considered normal.
When to Worry
Although most cysts are harmless, some may lead to complications. You should seek medical attention if you experience:
- Pelvic pain: Persistent or sudden, sharp pain on one side of the lower abdomen.
- Bloating or fullness: A feeling of pressure in the abdomen.
- Irregular periods: Changes in menstrual flow, missed periods, or spotting.
- Pain during intercourse: Discomfort or pain that worsens with deep penetration.
- Frequent urination or bowel changes: Large cysts can press against the bladder or intestines.
- Severe symptoms: Intense pain, dizziness, fever, or nausea could indicate a ruptured cyst or ovarian torsion, which is a medical emergency.
Diagnosis and Treatment
At Cary OB/GYN, diagnosing ovarian cysts often involves a pelvic exam, ultrasound, and sometimes blood tests to rule out malignancy. Most cysts do not require treatment, but if a cyst is large, painful, or persistent, treatment options may include:
- Monitoring: Small cysts are often monitored to see if they resolve naturally.
- Medications: Birth control pills may help regulate ovulation and prevent new cysts from forming.
- Surgery: If a cyst is large, persistent, or suspected to be cancerous, minimally invasive surgery (laparoscopy) or open surgery (laparotomy) may be necessary.
When to See a Doctor
If you experience ongoing pain, irregular cycles, or any concerning symptoms, it’s important to schedule an evaluation. The specialists at Cary OB/GYN in North Carolina can provide expert diagnosis and treatment to help manage ovarian cysts. Contact us today: https://www.caryobgyn.com/contactus/.