What Is HPV?
HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection. Most sexually active people will contract it at some point, often without symptoms. While many infections clear on their own, certain high-risk strains can cause cervical cancer, as well as other cancers of the reproductive and throat areas.
How HPV Leads to Cervical Cancer
When high-risk HPV strains persist in the body, they can cause abnormal cell changes in the cervix. Over time, these changes may progress to precancer or cervical cancer if not detected and treated early.
The Role of Screening
Routine cervical cancer screening saves lives by detecting precancerous changes before they progress. Screening methods include:
- Pap smear (Pap test): Collects cervical cells to look for abnormalities.
- HPV testing: Checks specifically for high-risk HPV strains.
- Co-testing: Combines Pap smear and HPV testing for the most comprehensive approach.
Screening recommendations:
- Women ages 21–29: Pap test every 3 years.
- Women ages 30–65: Pap test every 3 years, HPV test every 5 years, or co-testing every 5 years.
- Women over 65 with a history of normal results may not need further screening.
The HPV Vaccine
The HPV vaccine is a powerful tool for prevention. It protects against the high-risk HPV strains most likely to cause cervical cancer.
- Recommended for preteens at age 11 or 12, but can be given as early as age 9.
- Catch-up vaccination is available through age 26.
- Some adults ages 27–45 may benefit, depending on individual risk factors.
Why Vaccination and Screening Work Best Together
The HPV vaccine prevents many cases of cervical cancer, but not all. Screening ensures that any abnormalities are caught early. Together, vaccination and routine exams provide the strongest protection.
Final Thoughts
Cervical cancer is largely preventable with regular screening and HPV vaccination. At Cary OB/GYN in North Carolina, we provide compassionate care, advanced screenings, and vaccination guidance to help women stay healthy at every stage of life. To schedule your appointment, visit: https://www.caryobgyn.com/contactus/
Further Reading
CDC – HPV and Cancer: HPV and Cancer