What is insulin resistance, and how is it linked to PCOS?
Insulin is a hormone that helps regulate blood sugar by allowing glucose to enter your cells for energy. In insulin resistance, your body’s cells don’t respond effectively to insulin, causing your body to produce more. Over time, this excess insulin can lead to higher androgen levels (male hormones), which disrupt ovulation and worsen PCOS symptoms like irregular periods, acne, and excess hair growth.
It’s estimated that up to 70% of women with PCOS have some degree of insulin resistance—even those who are not overweight. This makes insulin resistance a core feature of PCOS and not just a secondary concern.
How does insulin resistance affect your health?
Insulin resistance not only contributes to the hormonal imbalances seen in PCOS, but it can also raise the risk of:
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- Type 2 diabetes
- High cholesterol
- Heart disease
- Weight gain, especially around the abdomen
- Sleep apnea
- Fatty liver disease
Addressing insulin resistance early can help reduce these risks and improve fertility, hormonal balance, and overall wellbeing.
What can you do to manage insulin resistance?
The good news is that insulin resistance is manageable—and often reversible—with the right steps. Common approaches include:
- Lifestyle changes: A diet rich in whole grains, lean proteins, healthy fats, and vegetables can help balance blood sugar. Regular physical activity—especially strength training and cardio—also improves insulin sensitivity.
- Medication: Your provider may prescribe metformin to help lower insulin levels and improve menstrual regularity.
- Supplements: Some studies suggest that inositol, a vitamin-like compound, may improve insulin resistance and ovarian function.
- Regular monitoring: Routine lab work can help track blood sugar and hormone levels to guide treatment.
We’re here to help
If you have PCOS—or think you might—it’s important to work with a provider who understands the metabolic side of this condition. At Cary OB/GYN, we offer comprehensive care tailored to your needs, from diagnosis to lifestyle guidance and ongoing management.
You don’t have to manage PCOS alone. To schedule an appointment or learn more, visit us at https://www.caryobgyn.com/contactus/
Further Reading
https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/risk-factors/pcos-polycystic-ovary-syndrome.html