Ovarian cysts are fluid‑filled sacs that commonly form on or in the ovaries. For most women, ovarian cysts are a normal part of the menstrual cycle and often resolve on their own without treatment. However, not all cysts are benign, and some can cause symptoms that warrant medical evaluation. Understanding when to see a doctor about ovarian cysts can help you get timely care, avoid complications, and gain peace of mind.

At Cary OB/GYN, we believe that informed, proactive care helps women stay healthy and confident in their reproductive health. This guide explains what ovarian cysts are, typical symptoms, when to seek medical attention, and what to expect at your appointment.

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What Is an Ovarian Cyst?

An ovarian cyst is a fluid‑filled sac that forms within or on the surface of an ovary. Most ovarian cysts are functional cysts, meaning they develop as part of the normal menstrual cycle:

• Follicular cysts form when a follicle (the structure that holds an egg) does not release the egg and continues to grow.
• Corpus luteum cysts develop after ovulation when the follicle closes and fluid accumulates inside it.

Functional cysts are common and usually harmless. They often disappear spontaneously within a few menstrual cycles without treatment.

Other types of cysts, such as dermoid cysts or endometriomas, are less common and may require closer monitoring or treatment depending on size, symptoms, and growth over time.

Common Symptoms of Ovarian Cysts

Many ovarian cysts are asymptomatic and only discovered incidentally during a pelvic exam or imaging for another reason. When symptoms do occur, they can vary depending on the cyst’s size and type. Common signs include:

• Lower abdominal or pelvic pain, often on one side
• Bloating or a feeling of fullness
• Pain during intercourse
• Irregular menstrual cycles
• Pressure or heaviness in the pelvis
• Frequent urination if the cyst presses on the bladder

These symptoms can overlap with other gynecologic and gastrointestinal conditions, so clinical evaluation is important to ensure accurate diagnosis and appropriate care.

When to See a Doctor

While occasional mild discomfort may be normal, certain symptoms should prompt you to contact your healthcare provider promptly:

1. Intense or Sudden Pelvic Pain

Severe pain that comes on suddenly, especially if it is sharp, persistent, or localized to one side of the pelvis, may indicate a cyst that has grown, twisted (ovarian torsion), or ruptured. Ovarian torsion is a medical emergency because it can cut off blood supply to the ovary.

2. Pain With Fever or Vomiting

If pelvic pain is accompanied by fever, nausea, or vomiting, this may signal a complication such as cyst rupture or infection. These symptoms merit urgent evaluation.

3. Heavy or Unusual Bleeding

Significant changes in menstrual bleeding—especially bleeding that is heavier than normal or occurs between periods—should be evaluated. While not always caused by cysts, abnormal bleeding can point to hormonal imbalances or other gynecologic concerns.

4. Persistent or Worsening Symptoms

If symptoms like bloating, pelvic pressure, or discomfort persist beyond a few menstrual cycles or worsen over time, you should schedule an appointment. Persistent symptoms may require imaging and further assessment.

5. Difficulty With Daily Activities

Pelvic pain or discomfort that interferes with work, exercise, sleep, or other daily activities is a signal that your symptoms deserve medical attention.

6. Pregnancy With Pelvic Pain

Any pelvic pain during pregnancy should be evaluated promptly. Ovarian cysts can occur during pregnancy and may have implications for both maternal and fetal health.

What to Expect at Your Appointment

When you see your provider at Cary OB/GYN regarding ovarian cyst concerns, your evaluation may include:

• Detailed Medical History

Your clinician will ask about your symptoms, menstrual history, sexual history, and any relevant risk factors.

• Physical Examination

A pelvic exam allows your provider to assess for tenderness, masses, or abnormalities.

• Ultrasound Imaging

Transvaginal ultrasound is the primary tool used to visualize ovarian cysts. It provides detailed images of the cyst’s size, structure, and location.

• Blood Tests

If indicated, blood work—such as a CA‑125 level in select cases—may be ordered to assess for markers associated with certain types of ovarian masses. CA‑125 testing is most useful in post‑menopausal women or when cyst characteristics raise concern. Your provider will determine if this is appropriate.

• Follow‑Up Plan

Many small, simple cysts can be monitored with repeat ultrasounds. Your provider will recommend a follow‑up schedule based on the cyst’s characteristics and your symptoms.

Treatment Options

Most ovarian cysts resolve on their own and only require observation. However, treatment may be recommended if:

• The cyst is large or growing
• Symptoms are bothersome or persistent
• There is suspicion of a complex cyst
• Complications such as torsion or rupture are suspected

Treatment options may include:

• Watchful Waiting

Repeating imaging over time to monitor changes.

• Hormonal Birth Control

Certain contraceptives can help regulate the menstrual cycle and reduce the formation of new cysts.

• Surgical Evaluation

In cases of large, persistent, or complex cysts, minimally invasive surgery (laparoscopy) or open surgery (laparotomy) may be recommended. Surgery may be necessary to remove the cyst while preserving ovarian function.

Your provider will tailor recommendations to your individual health needs, reproductive goals, and clinical findings.

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When to Seek Emergency Care

Seek immediate medical attention if you experience:

• Sudden, severe pelvic pain
• Fainting or dizziness
• Rapid breathing or heart rate
• Severe abdominal pain with fever and vomiting

These symptoms may indicate a ruptured cyst, ovarian torsion, or another urgent condition.

Ovarian cysts are common and often harmless, but recognizing when to seek medical care is key to protecting your reproductive health. Regular gynecologic visits at Cary OB/GYN provide an ideal opportunity to discuss symptoms, assess risk, and determine whether monitoring or treatment is necessary.

If you are experiencing persistent pelvic pain, unusual bleeding, or symptoms that interfere with daily life, don’t wait—schedule an appointment with our team. We are here to support your health with compassionate, evidence‑based care.

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), also known as sexually transmitted infections (STIs), are common across the United States—and women are uniquely affected due to both biological and social factors. At Cary OB/GYN, we believe that open, honest conversations about sexual health and regular STD testing are essential components of comprehensive women’s health care.

Whether you are sexually active, entering a new relationship, planning a pregnancy, or simply prioritizing your long-term health, understanding STD testing can empower you to make informed decisions and protect your well-being.

Why STD Testing Matters

STD testing offers benefits that go far beyond a simple diagnosis. Regular screening:

• Prevents long-term health complications. Many STDs, like chlamydia and gonorrhea, can be asymptomatic—meaning you may not notice symptoms until complications develop, such as pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, or chronic pain.
• Supports healthy relationships. Knowing your status helps you communicate openly with partners and make informed decisions together.
• Protects future pregnancy outcomes. Some infections can impact fertility or increase the risk of pregnancy complications. Testing before conception and early in pregnancy is vital.
• Reduces transmission risk. Treatment eliminates or suppresses infection, reducing the likelihood of spreading an STD to a partner.

Health professionals emphasize that STD testing is preventive care, not a reflection of character—just as you would screen for blood pressure or cancer, STD testing is a proactive approach to your health.

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Who Should Get Tested and When

Recommendations for STD testing vary based on age, risk factors, and sexual activity. General guidelines include:

All Sexually Active Women

If you are sexually active, especially with multiple partners or a partner with unknown STD history, testing should be part of routine health care. Many infections do not cause noticeable symptoms, so testing is the only reliable way to know your status.

Young Adults and Teens

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that sexually active women under age 25 receive annual chlamydia and gonorrhea screening, even without symptoms. These infections are common in younger populations and can cause serious reproductive complications if untreated.

Pregnant Women

STD testing is essential during pregnancy. Pregnant women routinely receive screenings for infections that can affect both maternal and fetal health, including:

• HIV
• Syphilis
• Hepatitis B
• Chlamydia and gonorrhea
• Other infectious concerns based on history and risk factors

Early detection and treatment can prevent transmission to the baby and reduce pregnancy-related complications.

Women With Symptoms or New Partners

If you experience symptoms such as unusual discharge, pelvic pain, burning with urination, genital sores, or itching, seek evaluation promptly. Likewise, talk with your clinician about testing when beginning relationships with new partners.

Common STDs and What Testing Involves

Health care providers use different methods to test for STDs, depending on the infection and your sexual history. Common tests include:

Chlamydia and Gonorrhea

• Testing method: Urine sample or swab of the cervix or genital area
• Why it matters: These bacterial infections may be asymptomatic but can cause serious reproductive complications if left untreated.

Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

• Testing method: Often detected through a Pap smear or HPV DNA test
• Why it matters: HPV is common and can lead to cervical changes that, over time, may increase the risk of cervical cancer. Vaccination and regular screening are key preventive strategies.

HIV

• Testing method: Blood test or rapid oral swab
• Why it matters: Early diagnosis allows for treatment that preserves health and significantly reduces transmission risk.

Syphilis

• Testing method: Blood test
• Why it matters: Syphilis can affect multiple organ systems if untreated but is curable with appropriate antibiotics.

Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)

• Testing method: Blood test or swab of active sores
• Why it matters: While lifelong, herpes can be managed with medication, and knowing your status allows for informed decisions about care and transmission prevention.

Hepatitis B and C

• Testing method: Blood tests
• Why it matters: These infections impact the liver and can have serious health consequences, especially if untreated.

Your clinician will recommend specific tests based on your history, sexual behavior, age, and symptoms. Open communication ensures you receive the most appropriate screening.

What to Expect During an STD Testing Visit

Visiting Cary OB/GYN for STD testing is straightforward and confidential. Here’s what typically happens:

1. Health history and discussion of risks. Your provider will ask about your sexual history and any symptoms you may have.
2. Physical exam (if indicated). Some tests may require a pelvic exam or swab. Others use urine or blood samples.
3. Laboratory testing. Samples are sent to a lab, with results usually available within a few days.
4. Follow-up. Your provider will review results, discuss any treatment needed, and recommend future screening.

Remember: no question is too small or too personal. Our team is here to provide support, education, and care without judgment.

Prevention and Protection

STD testing is only one part of a comprehensive strategy to protect your sexual health. Additional strategies include:

• Consistent condom use. Condoms reduce the risk of many STDs when used correctly.
• Vaccination. Vaccines are available for HPV and hepatitis B—talk to your provider about eligibility.
• Communication with partners. Discussing STD history and testing with partners fosters shared responsibility.
• Routine care. Annual exams include not just STD screening but also cervical cancer screening and overall reproductive health assessment.

Breaking Stigma, Supporting Health

Despite how common STDs are—millions of new infections occur each year—stigma often prevents women from seeking testing and care. At Cary OB/GYN, we want to normalize conversations about sexual health. Taking charge of your health through routine screening is a responsible and empowering choice.

STD testing is preventive care that protects your reproductive system, your relationships, and your future fertility. It reflects strength, not shame.

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Your Partner in Sexual Health

Whether you are seeking routine screening or have concerns about symptoms or exposure, Cary OB/GYN offers confidential, compassionate care tailored to your needs. Your sexual health matters at every stage of life, and we are here to support you with expert guidance, evidence-based testing, and individualized treatment.

Contact us today to schedule your appointment and take a proactive step toward your health and peace of mind.

February marks American Heart Month and the Go Red for Women® campaign—a national initiative led by the American Heart Association to raise awareness about heart disease in women. For many, discussions about women’s health focus on reproductive wellness, cancer screenings, or pregnancy care—and those are important. Yet cardiovascular health is equally critical, impacting women across all ages and life stages and intimately connected with reproductive well-being. At Cary OB/GYN, we believe that educating our patients about heart health is essential to supporting their long-term health and quality of life.

Heart disease is not a “man’s disease.” It is the leading cause of death among women in the United States, claiming more lives each year than all forms of cancer combined. Despite the magnitude of this risk, many women do not recognize cardiovascular disease as the top threat to their health, nor do they understand how gynecologic and reproductive factors fit into overall heart health. 

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Heart Disease in Women: A Real and Under-Recognized Threat

Cardiovascular disease encompasses many conditions that affect the heart and blood vessels, including coronary artery disease, stroke, and hypertension. Nearly one in five female deaths in the United States is due to heart disease. 

A key challenge is that heart disease often presents differently in women than in men. Symptoms may be subtler, such as fatigue, shortness of breath, or discomfort in areas like the jaw, neck, or back instead of the classic chest pain, leading to delayed diagnosis or misinterpretation. Women are also more likely to be underdiagnosed and undertreated for cardiovascular conditions, particularly in younger age groups. 

Despite this risk, less than 60 percent of women recognize heart disease as their number one killer, underscoring a critical gap in awareness. 

The Link Between Cardiovascular and Women’s Health

Understanding how heart health intersects with reproductive and gynecologic health can help women make proactive choices for long-term wellness.

Pregnancy and Future Heart Risk

Pregnancy is a profound physical stress test for the heart and vascular system. Certain pregnancy complications are associated with increased long-term cardiovascular risk, including:

• High blood pressure during pregnancy (preeclampsia)
• Gestational diabetes
• Preterm delivery
  Women who experience these conditions are more likely to develop heart disease or stroke later in life. Awareness and follow-up care after these events are essential to reducing future risk. 

Hormonal Transitions

Hormonal changes throughout a woman’s life—from menarche to menopause—affect heart health. Early menopause (before age 45) has been linked with higher cardiovascular risk, likely due to reduced estrogen, which plays a role in maintaining healthy blood vessels. 

Shared Risk Factors

Many of the factors that contribute to gynecologic issues also overlap with cardiovascular risk, including:

• High blood pressure and high cholesterol
• Diabetes and metabolic syndrome
• Obesity and physical inactivity
• Smoking and exposure to environmental toxins
• Stress and depression
  These conditions not only influence reproductive wellness but also directly affect heart and vascular health, creating a cycle that can undermine overall wellbeing if left unaddressed. 

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Prevention: Heart Health as a Lifelong Priority

The good news is that a significant proportion of cardiovascular disease is preventable with lifestyle changes and proactive care. The Go Red for Women initiative emphasizes not just awareness but action—encouraging women to know their risk and take steps to reduce it. 

Know Your Numbers

Regular screening for blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood sugar can identify problems early—often before symptoms develop. Understanding these numbers empowers women and clinicians to tailor prevention strategies.

Healthy Habits Every Day

Adopting heart-healthy behaviors benefits women at any age:

• Balanced Nutrition: A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins supports both cardiovascular and reproductive health.
• Regular Physical Activity: At least 150 minutes per week of moderate exercise helps reduce blood pressure, improve cholesterol levels, and support weight management. 
• Avoiding Tobacco: Smoking significantly increases cardiovascular risk and has been linked to poorer reproductive outcomes.
• Managing Stress and Sleep: Chronic stress and poor sleep are associated with elevated blood pressure and inflammation, key contributors to heart disease.

Personalize Your Care

Women should view their OB/GYN as an integral part of their overall health care team. Regular gynecologic visits are opportunities to discuss cardiovascular risk factors, especially if reproductive health issues—like pregnancy complications or menstrual irregularities—have occurred. These discussions can lead to coordinated care with primary care or cardiology specialists when needed.

Advocacy and Education: A Shared Responsibility

Improving women’s heart health requires a cultural shift in how we talk about cardiovascular risk. Women must be encouraged to speak openly about heart health, to ask questions, and to advocate for comprehensive care. Events, community programs, and awareness campaigns like Go Red for Women play a vital role in reaching women where they live, work, and gather, reinforcing that cardiovascular health matters at every stage of life. 

Cardiovascular health is foundational to overall women’s health. When women understand their heart disease risk, recognize symptoms that are unique to them, and take proactive steps to manage that risk, they are better equipped to live full, healthy lives.

At Cary OB/GYN, we are committed to supporting our patients’ whole-body wellness. This Go Red for Women season, we encourage you to learn your risk, engage in heart-healthy habits, and partner with your health care team to protect your heart—today and into the future.

When symptoms such as abnormal bleeding, infertility, or unexplained pelvic discomfort arise, identifying the underlying cause is essential to effective treatment. Hysteroscopy is a minimally invasive procedure that allows OB/GYNs to closely examine the inside of the uterus and, in many cases, treat problems at the same time. For many women, hysteroscopy provides answers with less discomfort and faster recovery than traditional surgical approaches.

At Cary OB/GYN, hysteroscopy is an important diagnostic and treatment tool that helps us provide precise, personalized care while minimizing disruption to daily life.

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What Is Hysteroscopy?

Hysteroscopy is a procedure in which a thin, lighted instrument called a hysteroscope is gently inserted through the vagina and cervix into the uterus. The hysteroscope transmits images to a screen, allowing the provider to view the uterine cavity in real time.

Unlike some other procedures, hysteroscopy does not require any incisions. This makes it a minimally invasive option for evaluating and treating conditions affecting the uterus.

Why Might a Hysteroscopy Be Recommended?

Hysteroscopy may be recommended to diagnose or manage a variety of gynecologic concerns, including:

• Abnormal uterine bleeding, such as heavy or irregular periods
• Postmenopausal bleeding

• Uterine polyps

• Submucosal fibroids (fibroids that grow into the uterine cavity)
• Infertility or recurrent pregnancy loss

• Congenital uterine abnormalities

• Retained pregnancy tissue

• Intrauterine adhesions (scar tissue)

By allowing direct visualization of the uterine lining, hysteroscopy provides more detailed information than imaging alone in many cases.

Diagnostic vs. Operative Hysteroscopy

There are two primary types of hysteroscopy:

Diagnostic Hysteroscopy

This type is used to examine the uterus and identify abnormalities. It may be performed to investigate symptoms or clarify findings from ultrasound or other imaging tests.

Operative Hysteroscopy

If a problem is identified, operative hysteroscopy allows the provider to treat it during the same procedure. Specialized instruments can be passed through the hysteroscope to remove polyps, fibroids, or scar tissue.

Combining diagnosis and treatment in one procedure often reduces the need for additional surgeries.

What to Expect Before the Procedure

Preparation for hysteroscopy depends on the reason for the procedure and whether it is diagnostic or operative. Your provider may:

• Review your medical history and symptoms
• Perform a pelvic exam
• Order imaging studies or lab tests
• Discuss anesthesia options, which may range from local anesthesia to sedation

   

In some cases, hysteroscopy can be performed in the office. Other times, it may be scheduled in a surgical setting for patient comfort or safety.

What Happens During Hysteroscopy?

During the procedure:

1. The cervix may be gently dilated if needed
2. The hysteroscope is inserted through the vagina and cervix into the uterus
3. A sterile fluid is introduced to expand the uterine cavity for better visibility
4. The provider examines the uterine lining and openings of the fallopian tubes
5. If operative hysteroscopy is planned, treatment is performed at this time

    

The procedure length varies but often takes less than 30 minutes.

Recovery After Hysteroscopy

Recovery is typically quick, especially for diagnostic hysteroscopy. Many patients experience:

• Mild cramping
• Light spotting
• Temporary bloating or discomfort

   

Most women can return to normal activities within a day or two. Your provider will give specific post-procedure instructions, including guidance on activity level, sexual activity, and follow-up care.

Benefits of Hysteroscopy

Hysteroscopy offers several advantages compared to more invasive surgical approaches:

• No incisions
• Shorter recovery time
• Reduced pain and scarring
• Direct visualization of the uterine cavity
• Ability to diagnose and treat conditions in one procedure

   

These benefits make hysteroscopy a preferred option for many uterine concerns.

Risks and Considerations

Hysteroscopy is generally safe, but as with any medical procedure, there are potential risks. These may include:

• Infection
• Bleeding
• Uterine perforation (rare)
• Fluid overload (rare)

   

Your OB/GYN will review these risks with you and determine whether hysteroscopy is appropriate based on your individual health profile.

Hysteroscopy and Fertility

For women experiencing infertility or recurrent pregnancy loss, hysteroscopy can play a critical role in identifying uterine factors that may interfere with implantation or pregnancy maintenance. Treating conditions such as polyps, fibroids, or adhesions can improve the chances of successful conception for some patients.

Your provider can discuss whether hysteroscopy may be beneficial as part of a fertility evaluation.

How Hysteroscopy Fits into Comprehensive Care

Hysteroscopy is often used alongside other diagnostic tools, such as ultrasound, endometrial biopsy, or hormone testing. At Cary OB/GYN, we take a comprehensive approach to women’s health, using the most appropriate tools to achieve accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.

Each care plan is tailored to the patient’s symptoms, goals, and overall health.

When to Talk to Your OB/GYN

You may want to discuss hysteroscopy with your OB/GYN if you experience:

• Persistent or unexplained abnormal bleeding
• Difficulty becoming or staying pregnant
• Abnormal ultrasound findings
• Postmenopausal bleeding
• Pelvic pain linked to uterine abnormalities

   

Early evaluation can help prevent symptoms from worsening and support timely treatment.

Compassionate, Personalized Care at Cary OB/GYN

Facing gynecologic procedures can feel overwhelming, but understanding your options can help ease anxiety. At Cary OB/GYN, our team prioritizes patient education, comfort, and shared decision-making. We take the time to explain procedures like hysteroscopy, answer questions, and ensure patients feel confident in their care.

“The doctor is always very professional and did the procedure quickly and efficiently.”
Cary OB/GYN Patient Review

Schedule a Consultation

If you have symptoms that may benefit from hysteroscopy or would like to learn more about this procedure, the providers at Cary OB/GYN are here to help. A consultation can determine whether hysteroscopy is the right next step for your care.